What is
behaviorism?
Behaviorism is a psychological approach of a theory of learning about human behavior through conditioning which occurs through interaction of the environment. Our experiences with the environment shape our behavior and how we act. Behaviorism deals with the study of what people are doing and not with what they are thinking or feeling.
There are two types of conditioning within the scope of behaviorism and those two types are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Operant conditioning came about from B. F. Skinner and he described operant conditioning as when the person performs an operation behavior he or she will obtain a certain type of reinforcement. Classical conditioning came about from John B. Watson and another name that they referred classical conditioning to was “conditioned reflex”. Classical conditioning also known as conditioned reflex is a learning process through environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
Behaviorism is a psychological approach of a theory of learning about human behavior through conditioning which occurs through interaction of the environment. Our experiences with the environment shape our behavior and how we act. Behaviorism deals with the study of what people are doing and not with what they are thinking or feeling.
There are two types of conditioning within the scope of behaviorism and those two types are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Operant conditioning came about from B. F. Skinner and he described operant conditioning as when the person performs an operation behavior he or she will obtain a certain type of reinforcement. Classical conditioning came about from John B. Watson and another name that they referred classical conditioning to was “conditioned reflex”. Classical conditioning also known as conditioned reflex is a learning process through environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
Important Figures
There are several theories and psychologist that take a big part in the study of behaviorism. There was a famous study written by Ivan Pavlov who wrote about conditioning. There are also four major figures of behaviorism and those major figures are John B. Watson, E. C. Tolman, Charles L. Hull, and B. F. Skinner.
“Behaviorism was introduced in 1913 by the American psychologist John B. Watson, who insisted that behavior is a physiological reaction to environmental stimuli.” Ivan Pavlov who was a Russian physiologist and Edward Thorndike who was the American psychologist was both a big part of the development of behaviorism. B.F. Skinner who was the American behaviorist said that a few emotions were conditioned through habit and that those emotions could be learned or unlearned.
There are several theories and psychologist that take a big part in the study of behaviorism. There was a famous study written by Ivan Pavlov who wrote about conditioning. There are also four major figures of behaviorism and those major figures are John B. Watson, E. C. Tolman, Charles L. Hull, and B. F. Skinner.
“Behaviorism was introduced in 1913 by the American psychologist John B. Watson, who insisted that behavior is a physiological reaction to environmental stimuli.” Ivan Pavlov who was a Russian physiologist and Edward Thorndike who was the American psychologist was both a big part of the development of behaviorism. B.F. Skinner who was the American behaviorist said that a few emotions were conditioned through habit and that those emotions could be learned or unlearned.
Effect People
Have On Second Language Learners
There are always people moving to different parts of the world or traveling to different parts of the world for a certain period of time. When you become familiar and comfortable with an environment that you are always use to living in, any other environment seems so foreign for you. A good example of shaping someone’s behavior and environment is through a teacher at a school. A good example is when international students coming from all over the word to schools in California. When new students come over they are raw as to how schools are taught and how the environment is in the United States. Not only will the people that they meet help them become familiar with the behavior and environment but their teachers at school can greatly help them shape their education and especially their second language which would be English. When one becomes comfortable with the behavior and environment they develop that confidence of the new language and they do not feel out of place when trying to meet and talk to people. Teachers cannot entirely change and shape the student but they can set a well-developed educational environment and open areas of the world that they have never seen or been exposed to before.
There are always people moving to different parts of the world or traveling to different parts of the world for a certain period of time. When you become familiar and comfortable with an environment that you are always use to living in, any other environment seems so foreign for you. A good example of shaping someone’s behavior and environment is through a teacher at a school. A good example is when international students coming from all over the word to schools in California. When new students come over they are raw as to how schools are taught and how the environment is in the United States. Not only will the people that they meet help them become familiar with the behavior and environment but their teachers at school can greatly help them shape their education and especially their second language which would be English. When one becomes comfortable with the behavior and environment they develop that confidence of the new language and they do not feel out of place when trying to meet and talk to people. Teachers cannot entirely change and shape the student but they can set a well-developed educational environment and open areas of the world that they have never seen or been exposed to before.
Foreign
Language Teaching and Second Language Teaching
“Foreign language teaching refers to the teaching of a language in a context where it is not normally used – for example, English in Japan. In contrast, second language teaching refers to the teaching of a language in a setting where it is spoken – for example, English in the United States.” When personally working with a twenty year old student who is from Indonesia who already knows a lot of English for example is not as challenging as working with an older person who is learning English for the first time.
“Foreign language teaching refers to the teaching of a language in a context where it is not normally used – for example, English in Japan. In contrast, second language teaching refers to the teaching of a language in a setting where it is spoken – for example, English in the United States.” When personally working with a twenty year old student who is from Indonesia who already knows a lot of English for example is not as challenging as working with an older person who is learning English for the first time.
Conclusion
There are so many different factors that tie into when teaching or helping improve someone with a language that they are not use to using or speaking. From personal experience, working with someone who has already learned English but who needs help once in a while with certain things has taught me so many things as to how they adapt and become comfortable with the environment. In the process of learning or becoming familiar with a different language again, one needs to feel comfortable with the behavior of the environment and how things are said and done. That comfortableness will give them the confidence to give into something that they have never done or seen before. Behaviorism deals with the study of what people are doing and not with what they are thinking or feeling.
There are so many different factors that tie into when teaching or helping improve someone with a language that they are not use to using or speaking. From personal experience, working with someone who has already learned English but who needs help once in a while with certain things has taught me so many things as to how they adapt and become comfortable with the environment. In the process of learning or becoming familiar with a different language again, one needs to feel comfortable with the behavior of the environment and how things are said and done. That comfortableness will give them the confidence to give into something that they have never done or seen before. Behaviorism deals with the study of what people are doing and not with what they are thinking or feeling.
References
Behaviorism. (2001). In Joseph M. Palmisano (Ed.), World of sociology, Gale. Retrieved from http://libproxy.calbaptist.edu/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/content/entry/worldsocs/behaviorism/0
Behaviorism. (2013). In The Columbia Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://libproxy.calbaptist.edu/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/content/entry/columency/behaviorism/0
Wortham, S. (2005). Education, learning in. In Encyclopedia of cognitive science. Retrieved from http://libproxy.calbaptist.edu/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/content/entry/wileycs/education_learning_in/0
Teaching language. (2011). In Patrick Colm Hogan (Ed.), The Cambridge encyclopedia of the language sciences. Retrieved from http://libproxy.calbaptist.edu/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/content/entry/cupelanscis/teaching_language/0
Iv. Origin of the term classical conditioning. (2002). In Encyclopedia of the human brain. Retrieved from http://libproxy.calbaptist.edu/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/content/entry/esthumanbrain/iv_origin_of_the_term_classical_conditioning/0
Behaviorism. (2001). In Joseph M. Palmisano (Ed.), World of sociology, Gale. Retrieved from http://libproxy.calbaptist.edu/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/content/entry/worldsocs/behaviorism/0
Behaviorism. (2013). In The Columbia Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://libproxy.calbaptist.edu/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/content/entry/columency/behaviorism/0
Wortham, S. (2005). Education, learning in. In Encyclopedia of cognitive science. Retrieved from http://libproxy.calbaptist.edu/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/content/entry/wileycs/education_learning_in/0
Teaching language. (2011). In Patrick Colm Hogan (Ed.), The Cambridge encyclopedia of the language sciences. Retrieved from http://libproxy.calbaptist.edu/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/content/entry/cupelanscis/teaching_language/0
Iv. Origin of the term classical conditioning. (2002). In Encyclopedia of the human brain. Retrieved from http://libproxy.calbaptist.edu/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/content/entry/esthumanbrain/iv_origin_of_the_term_classical_conditioning/0